A distributed energy resource (DER) is a source of electric power that is not directly connected to the bulk power system. DER covers both generators and energy storage that can export active power to an electric power system, and it also includes any interconnection system or supplemental device needed for compliance. DER are usually small to medium generation sources, such as PV systems, battery storage, wind, engine generators, gas turbines, hydro, fuel cells and microturbines. Controllable loads used for demand response do not count as DER. IEEE 1547-2018 sets the interconnection and interoperability requirements for DER connected to the Area EPS, and utilities publish their own requirements for distributed generation operating in parallel with their systems. Many small residential PV systems can add up to a virtual power plant, and their weather-driven output makes reserve planning and voltage and frequency control harder for the grid operator. Communication protocols such as SunSpec let DER equipment interoperate with smart grid applications, and a DER managing entity such as a utility or aggregator can monitor and manage the DER through its local communication interface.
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related_toc1 drafted · lead IEEE 1547-2018 proposed
IEEE 1547-2018 defines DER and sets interconnection and interoperability requirements for DER connected to electric power systems.
A source of electric power that is not directly connected to a bulk power system.
sec=h35 h=6ba6e11f766asec=h324 h=db541ac9456csec=h38 h=2804f0eb796ac2 drafted · lead IEEE 1547-2003 proposed
In the 2018 edition, the term DER is treated as equivalent to the term distributed resources (DR) used in IEEE 1547-2003.
sec=h35 h=6ba6e11f766ac3 drafted · lead Area electric power system
Interconnection is defined as adding DER to an Area EPS, either directly or through Local EPS facilities.
sec=h35 h=6ba6e11f766ac4 drafted · lead Interconnection process
An authority governing interconnection requirements sets the policies and procedures for connecting DER to the Area EPS.
sec=h35 h=6ba6e11f766ac5 drafted · lead Battery energy storage system
Energy storage technologies that can export active power count as DER.
sec=h384 h=a79eacb73522sec=h35 h=6ba6e11f766ac6 drafted · lead Demand response
Controllable loads used for demand response are excluded from the IEEE 1547-2018 definition of DER.
sec=h35 h=6ba6e11f766ac7 drafted · lead Cease to energize
Under IEEE 1547-2018, clearing time is measured until the DER ceases to energize the Area EPS.
sec=h35 h=6ba6e11f766ac8 drafted · lead Virtual power plant
In some neighborhoods, many small residential PV systems add up to virtual power plants of several megawatts.
sec=1 h=6071f58ccb27c9 drafted · lead SunSpec information models
SunSpec is an application-layer protocol that lets DER components interoperate with smart grid applications.
sec=h6 h=f3e6a1d65ba4A February 2017 NERC task force report covers DER connection, modeling and impacts on bulk system reliability.
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