Energized PV array in daylight

Whenever light falls on PV modules, the array produces a dangerous DC voltage that can kill. That voltage is on the DC conductors and on live parts inside the inverter. Unlike an AC circuit, the array's DC circuits are live all through daylight and cannot be isolated at the source. Some tasks, such as insulation tests and I-V measurements, therefore have to be done on energized circuits. Microinverter systems carry the same warning: the DC conductors are ungrounded and may be energized when module leads are connected. Do not touch DC conductors, bare cable ends or live inverter parts. Disconnect the inverter from all voltage sources before working on it, and leave installation and fault repair to qualified persons. Work de-energized under lockout/tagout where you can. When you must work live, wear rubber insulating gloves, a Class E hardhat, EH-rated footwear and safety glasses, and use insulated tools. During live testing, keep other people out of the work area, and do not touch module frames, backsheets or terminals while the test is running. Rapid shutdown lowers the shock risk from conductors outside the array. Labels warn, however, that conductors inside the array stay energized in sunlight.

<!-- review notes

• sentence 2: support check: partial - u2 and u13 support live DC circuits that cannot be isolated and unavoidable energized measurements, but I-V measurements are not named explicitly as a live task (u25 only mentions the lethal shock hazard); "at the source" is also a slight paraphrase.
• sentence 3: support check: partial - The DANGER text about ungrounded, possibly energized DC conductors appears in the Enphase microinverter instructions, but the passages do not say it is the "same warning" as for other systems, and "when module leads are connected" is only loosely implied.
• sentence 5: support check: partial - LOTO, gloves, Class E hardhat, EH footwear, safety glasses and insulated tools are all in u13, but "rubber" gloves is not stated, and the passages do not give the live-work PPE set as one directive. -->